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A cranial nerve nucleus is a collection of neurons (gray matter) in the brain stem that is associated with one or more of the cranial nerves. Axons carrying information to and from the cranial nerves form a synapse first at these nuclei. Lesions occurring at these nuclei can lead to effects resembling those seen by the severing of nerve(s) they ...
The nuclei of two pairs of cranial nerves are similarly located at the ventral side of the periaqueductal grey – the pair of oculomotor nuclei (which control the eyelid, and most eye movements) is located at the level of the superior colliculus, [10] while the pair of trochlear nuclei (which helps focus vision on more proximal objects) is ...
Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), of which there are conventionally considered twelve pairs. Cranial nerves relay information between the brain and parts of the body, primarily to and from regions of the head and neck , including the special senses of vision , taste , smell , and hearing .
The cranial nerves carry movements related to the eyes, mouth and face. Gross movement – such as locomotion and the movement of arms and legs – is generated in the motor cortex , divided into three parts: the primary motor cortex , found in the precentral gyrus and has sections dedicated to the movement of different body parts.
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In neuroanatomy, a nucleus (pl.: nuclei) is a cluster of neurons in the central nervous system, [1] located deep within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem. [2] The neurons in one nucleus usually have roughly similar connections and functions. [ 3 ]
Not all animals have neurons; Trichoplax and sponges lack nerve cells altogether. Neurons may be packed to form structures such as the brain of vertebrates or the neural ganglions of insects . The number of neurons and their relative abundance in different parts of the brain is a determinant of neural function and, consequently, of behavior.
Functions of these four cranial nerves (V-VIII) include regulation of respiration, control of involuntary actions, sensory roles in hearing, equilibrium, and taste, and in facial sensations such as touch and pain, as well as motor roles in eye movement, facial expressions, chewing, swallowing, and the secretion of saliva and tears. [2]