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An analog signal (in red) encoded to 4-bit PCM digital samples (in blue); the bit depth is four, so each sample's amplitude is one of 16 possible values. In digital audio using pulse-code modulation (PCM), bit depth is the number of bits of information in each sample , and it directly corresponds to the resolution of each sample.
SoX being used to process some audio: $ sox track1.wav track1-processed.flac remix - norm -3 highpass 22 gain -3 rate 48k norm -3 dither Input File : 'track1.wav' Channels : 2 Sample Rate : 44100 Precision : 16-bit Duration : 00:02:54.97 = 7716324 samples = 13123 CDDA sectors Sample Encoding: 16-bit Signed Integer PCM Endian Type : little Output File : 'track1-processed.flac' Channels : 1 ...
Ultimately Sony prevailed on both sample rate (44.1 kHz) and bit depth (16 bits per sample, rather than 14 bits per sample). The technical reasoning behind the rate being chosen is associated with characteristics of human hearing and early digital audio recording systems as described below. [1]: sec. 8.5
A Sony PCM-501ES EIAJ LPCM Adapter on a Sony SL-HF360 VTR. The Sony PCM-1600 was the first commercial video-based 16-bit recorder. The 1600 (and its later versions, the 1610 and 1630) used special U-matic-format VCRs also furnished by Sony for transports, such as the BVU-200B (the first model of VCR optimized to work, and sold with, the PCM-1600 in 1979), [2] BVU-800DA, VO-5630DA, and the ...
Dual 16-bit, 1.6-GSPS, TxDAC+ D/A Converter Synthesizes High-Quality Wideband Signals from Baseband to High Intermediate Frequencies ADI's AD9142 D/A converter features a proprietary low spurious ...
Delta modulation is a form of DPCM that uses one bit per sample to indicate whether the signal is increasing or decreasing compared to the previous sample. In telephony, a standard audio signal for a single phone call is encoded as 8,000 samples per second, of 8 bits each, giving a 64 kbit/s digital signal known as DS0.
LPCM is also the standard audio coding format for audio CDs, which store two-channel LPCM audio sampled at 44.1 kHz with 16 bits per sample. Since LPCM is uncompressed and retains all of the samples of an audio track, professional users or audio experts may use the WAV format with LPCM audio for maximum audio quality. [9]
CD audio, for example, has a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz (44,100 samples per second), and has 16-bit resolution for each stereo channel. Analog signals that have not already been bandlimited must be passed through an anti-aliasing filter before conversion, to prevent the aliasing distortion that is caused by audio signals with frequencies higher ...