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A poll tax is a tax of a fixed sum on every liable individual (typically every adult), without reference to income or resources. Various privileges of citizenship, including voter registration or issuance of driving licenses and resident hunting and fishing licenses, were conditioned on payment of poll taxes to encourage the collection of this tax revenue.
The poll tax survived a legal challenge in the 1937 Supreme Court case Breedlove v. Suttles , which unanimously ruled that [The] privilege of voting is not derived from the United States, but is conferred by the state and, save as restrained by the Fifteenth and Nineteenth Amendments and other provisions of the Federal Constitution, the state ...
The poll tax, along with literacy tests and extra-legal intimidation, [43] such as by the Ku Klux Klan, achieved the desired effect of disenfranchising African Americans. Generally, In the United States, the term "poll tax" is used to mean a tax that must be paid in order to vote, rather than a capitation tax simply.
"Toll agencies set prices (i.e., toll rates, fees, penalties) to offset unpaid tolls, just as the cost of goods we buy in retail stores is set to cover losses," the association said in an email.
Coupled with continued smishing scams texts asking for money for unpaid tolls, the organization has suspended all late fees and registration holds to give customers time to adjust to the new toll ...
The poll tax mechanism varied on a state-by-state basis; in Alabama, the poll tax was cumulative, meaning that a man had to pay all poll taxes due from the age of twenty-one onward in order to vote. In other states, poll taxes had to be paid for several years before being eligible to vote. Enforcement of poll tax laws was patchy.
License plate fraud can create serious financial and legal troubles. Fraudsters may duplicate plates to avoid tolls, evade law enforcement, or commit more serious crimes without detection.
Two years earlier, the 24th Amendment had been ratified, prohibiting the use of the poll tax (or any other tax) as a precondition for voting in federal elections. [11] Justice Hugo Black, who participated both in the Breedlove decision and in the Harper decision, dissented from the Harper decision declaring the poll tax to be unconstitutional.