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Fine motor skills are the coordination of small muscle movements which occur e.g., in the fingers, usually in coordination with the eyes. In application to motor skills of hands (and fingers) the term dexterity is commonly used. The term 'dexterity' is defined by Latash and Turrey (1996) as a 'harmony in movements' (p. 20).
They are first seen during infancy, toddler-hood, preschool and school age. "Basic" fine motor skills gradually develop and are typically mastered between the ages of 6–12 in children. Fine motor skills develop with age and practice. If deemed necessary, occupational therapy can help improve overall fine motor skills. [2]
In children, a critical period for the development of motor skills is preschool years (ages 3–5), as fundamental neuroanatomic structure shows significant development, elaboration, and myelination over the course of this period. [7] Many factors contribute to the rate that children develop their motor skills.
Motor development. Gains greater control over large and fine motor skills; movements are more precise and deliberate, though some clumsiness persists. Enjoys vigorous running, jumping, climbing, and throwing etc. Has trouble staying still. Span of attention increases; works at tasks for longer periods of time.
The mechanisms involved in motor development involve some genetic components that determine aspects of muscle and bone strength, as well as the physical size of body parts at a given age. The main areas of the brain involved in motor skills are the frontal cortex, parietal cortex and basal ganglia.
Early childhood is a critical period for the development of fundamental motor skills. Children in preschooler, develop depending on their interactions with the surrounding environment. A child in an encouraging environment with constructive feedback will develop fundamental motor skills at a faster rate.