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Discovered through gamma-ray burst mapping. Largest-known regular formation in the observable universe. [8] Huge-LQG (2012–2013) 4,000,000,000 [9] [10] [11] Decoupling of 73 quasars. Largest-known large quasar group and the first structure found to exceed 3 billion light-years. "Giant Arc" (2021) 3,300,000,000 [12] Located 9.2 billion light ...
They form the densest part of the large-scale structure of the Universe. In models for the gravitational formation of structure with cold dark matter, the smallest structures collapse first and eventually build the largest structures, clusters of galaxies. Clusters are then formed relatively recently between 10 billion years ago and now.
Named for its size, El Gordo ("the fat one") is the biggest cluster found in the distant universe (at its distance and beyond), at the time of discovery in 2011, with a mass of 3 quadrillion suns. The second most massive galaxy cluster next to El Gordo is RCS2 J2327, a galaxy cluster with the mass of 2 quadrillion suns.
These arcs are caused by gravitational lensing: Light from distant galaxies far behind the massive galaxy cluster coming toward Earth is bent around Abell 370 by its massive gravity, resulting in ...
It has the largest system of gravitational arcs ever found. [5] Abell 1689 shows over 160,000 globular clusters, the largest population ever found. [6] There is evidence of merging and gases in excess of 100 million degrees. [5] The very large mass of this cluster makes it useful for the study of dark matter and gravitational lensing. [7] [8]
Size comparison of the event horizons of the black holes of TON 618 and Phoenix A.The orbit of Neptune (white oval) is included for comparison. As a quasar, TON 618 is believed to be the active galactic nucleus at the center of a galaxy, the engine of which is a supermassive black hole feeding on intensely hot gas and matter in an accretion disc.
Hubble Space Telescope image showing part of the Norma cluster, including ESO 137-002. The Great Attractor is a region of gravitational attraction in intergalactic space and the apparent central gravitational point of the Laniakea Supercluster of galaxies that includes the Milky Way galaxy, as well as about 100,000 other galaxies.
Abell 370 is a galaxy cluster located nearly 5 billion light-years away from the Earth (at redshift z = 0.375), in the constellation Cetus. [3] Its core is made up of several hundred galaxies. It was catalogued by George Abell , and is the most distant of the clusters he catalogued.