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In pattern recognition, information retrieval, object detection and classification (machine learning), precision and recall are performance metrics that apply to data retrieved from a collection, corpus or sample space. Precision (also called positive predictive value) is the fraction of relevant instances among the retrieved instances.
e. In machine learning and pattern recognition, a feature is an individual measurable property or characteristic of a phenomenon. [1] Choosing informative, discriminating and independent features is a crucial element of effective algorithms in pattern recognition, classification and regression. Features are usually numeric, but structural ...
e. In computational learning theory, probably approximately correct (PAC) learning is a framework for mathematical analysis of machine learning. It was proposed in 1984 by Leslie Valiant. [1] In this framework, the learner receives samples and must select a generalization function (called the hypothesis) from a certain class of possible functions.
Foundation model. A foundation model, also known as large AI model, is a machine learning or deep learning model that is trained on broad data such that it can be applied across a wide range of use cases. [1] Foundation models have transformed artificial intelligence (AI), powering prominent generative AI applications like ChatGPT. [1]
For many years, sequence modelling and generation was done by using plain recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A well-cited early example was the Elman network (1990). In theory, the information from one token can propagate arbitrarily far down the sequence, but in practice the vanishing-gradient problem leaves the model's state at the end of a long sentence without precise, extractable ...
t. e. Machine learning (ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence concerned with the development and study of statistical algorithms that can learn from data and generalize to unseen data, and thus perform tasks without explicit instructions. [ 1 ]
Hyperparameter (machine learning) In machine learning, a hyperparameter is a parameter, such as the learning rate or choice of optimizer, which specifies details of the learning process, hence the name hyper parameter. This is in contrast to parameters which determine the model itself. An additional contrast is that hyperparameters typically ...
Fundamentally, deep learning refers to a class of machine learning algorithms in which a hierarchy of layers is used to transform input data into a slightly more abstract and composite representation. For example, in an image recognition model, the raw input may be an image (represented as a tensor of pixels). The first representational layer ...