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Phoenician (/ fəˈniːʃən / fə-NEE-shən; Phoenician: śpt knʿn lit. 'language of Canaan'[2]) is an extinct Canaanite Semitic language originally spoken in the region surrounding the cities of Tyre and Sidon. Extensive Tyro-Sidonian trade and commercial dominance led to Phoenician becoming a lingua franca of the maritime Mediterranean ...
The Phoenician alphabet[b] is an abjad (consonantal alphabet) [2] used across the Mediterranean civilization of Phoenicia for most of the 1st millennium BC. It was the first alphabet ever developed, and attested in Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions found across the Mediterranean region. In the history of writing systems, the Phoenician script ...
Aleph (or alef or alif, transliterated ʾ) is the first letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ʾālep 𐤀, Hebrew ʾālef א , Aramaic ʾālap 𐡀, Syriac ʾālap̄ ܐ, Arabic ʾalif ا , and North Arabian 𐪑. It also appears as South Arabian 𐩱 and Ge'ez ʾälef አ. These letters are believed to have derived from an ...
О, Ѡ. Ayin (also ayn or ain; transliterated ʿ ) is the sixteenth letter of the Semitic scripts, including Phoenician ʿayin 𐤏, Hebrew ʿayin ע , Aramaic ʿē 𐡏, Syriac ʿē ܥ, and Arabic ʿayn ع (where it is sixteenth in abjadi order only). [note 1] The letter represents a voiced pharyngeal fricative (/ ʕ /) or a similarly ...
Pyrgi Tablets. The Pyrgi Tablets (dated c. 500 BC) are three golden plates inscribed with a bilingual Phoenician – Etruscan dedicatory text. They are the oldest historical source documents from Italy, predating Roman hegemony, and are rare examples of texts in these languages. They were discovered in 1964 during a series of excavations at the ...
Heth, sometimes written Chet or Ḥet, is the eighth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ḥēt 𐤇, Hebrew ḥēt ח , Aramaic ḥēṯ 𐡇, Syriac ḥēṯ ܚ, and Arabic ḥāʾ ح . Heth originally represented a voiceless fricative, either pharyngeal /ħ/, or velar /x/. In Arabic, two corresponding letters were ...
Yodh (also spelled jodh, yod, or jod) is the tenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician yōd 𐤉, Hebrew yud י , Aramaic yod 𐡉, Syriac yōḏ ܝ, and Arabic yāʾ ي . Its sound value is / j / in all languages for which it is used; in many languages, it also serves as a long vowel, representing / iː /. [citation needed]
Tsade (also spelled ṣade, ṣādē, ṣaddi, ṣad, tzadi, sadhe, tzaddik) is the eighteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ṣādē 𐤑, Hebrew ṣādī צ , Aramaic ṣāḏē 𐡑, Syriac ṣāḏē ܨ, Ge'ez ṣädäy ጸ, and Maghrebi Arabic ḍād ﺽ . Its oldest phonetic value is debated, although there is a ...