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6% (< 60 years old), 20% (> 60 years old) [4] Vitamin B12 deficiency, also known as cobalamin deficiency, is the medical condition in which the blood and tissue have a lower than normal level of vitamin B 12. [5] Symptoms can vary from none to severe. [1] Mild deficiency may have few or absent symptoms. [1]
Cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B 12 used to treat and prevent vitamin B 12 deficiency except in the presence of cyanide toxicity. [7] [8] [2] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer. [9] [5] It is used by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or as a ...
If the symptoms are serious, frequent injections are typically recommended initially. [7] There are not enough studies that pills are effective in improving or eliminating symptoms. [12] Often, treatment may be needed for life. [13] Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of clinically evident vitamin B 12 deficiency worldwide. [14]
Injection of hydroxycobalamin is often used if digestive absorption is impaired, [2] but this course of action may not be necessary with high-dose oral supplements (such as 0.5–1.0 mg or more), [90] [91] because with large quantities of the vitamin taken orally, even the 1% to 5% of free crystalline B 12 that is absorbed along the entire ...
The structure of vitamin B 12 was the first low-molecular weight natural product determined by x-ray analysis rather than by chemical degradation. Thus, while the structure of this novel type of complex biomolecule was established, its chemistry remained essentially unknown; exploration of this chemistry became one of the tasks of the vitamin's chemical synthesis.
Untreated, consequences can cause brain damage or death. The prevalence of VKDB is reported at 0.25 to 1.7%, with higher risk in Asian populations. The recommended prevention treatment is an intramuscular injection of 1 mg of vitamin K at birth (called the Vitamin K shot.). [52]
The elderly and athletes may need to supplement their intake of B 12 and other B vitamins due to problems in absorption and increased needs for energy production. [medical citation needed] In cases of severe deficiency, B vitamins, especially B 12, may also be delivered by injection to reverse deficiencies. [8] [unreliable medical source?
Hydroxocobalamin is the natural form of vitamin B 12 and a member of the cobalamin family of compounds. [6][7] It is found in both raw and cooked beef, together with other cobalamins. [8] Hydroxocobalamin, or another form of vitamin B 12, are required for the body to make DNA. [7]