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Theophylline. Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors. [1] It is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. [2] Its pharmacology is similar to other methylxanthine drugs (e.g., theobromine and caffeine). [1]
It is a combination drug containing three active ingredients - theophylline, ephedrine, phenobarbital. [2] This medication relaxes the smooth muscle of the airways, making breathing easier. [ 3 ] The common side effects of Tedral include gastrointestinal disturbances , dizziness , headache and lightheadedness .
Theophylline has also been marketed in combination with other ephedrine-like sympathomimetics like racephedrine and pseudoephedrine and with other barbiturates such as amobarbital and butabarbital, among other drugs. [15] A combination of theophylline, ephedrine, and hydroxyzine has been marketed under the brand name Marax among others as well.
Theophylline is a non-selective adenosine antagonist. It is also an anti-asthmatic agent and a demethylized metabolite of caffeine. Small open-label trials suggest that theophylline has anti-parkinsonian benefit but a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial did not clearly establish relief from symptoms. [3]
Drug Class. SNRI. SNRI. Starting Dose. 0.5 milligrams (mg)/kilogram (kg) daily in children weighing up to 70 kg or 40 mg daily in children over 70 kg and adults. 100 mg (children) or 200 mg ...
Fenethylline (BAN, USAN) or fenetylline is a codrug of amphetamine and theophylline and so a mutual prodrug of both. It is also spelled phenethylline; other names for it are amphetamin oethyl theophylline and amfetyline. The drug was marketed for use as a psychostimulant under the brand names Captagon, Biocapton, and Fitton.
Aminophylline is a compound of the bronchodilator theophylline with ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. The ethylenediamine improves solubility, and the aminophylline is usually found as a dihydrate. [2] Aminophylline is less potent and shorter-acting than theophylline. Its most common use is in the treatment of airway obstruction from asthma or COPD ...
It was a combination of theophylline, ephedra, [1] and hydroxyzine, and taken by mouth. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is no longer manufactured in the US due to approval of ephedra being withdrawn by the FDA . [ citation needed ]