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The Protestant Reformation was a religious movement that occurred in Western Europe during the 16th century that resulted in a divide in Christianity between Roman Catholics and Protestants. This movement "created a North-South split in Europe, where generally Northern countries became Protestant, while Southern countries remained Catholic."
Sir Peter Paul Rubens (/ ˈruːbənz / ROO-bənz, [ 1 ]Dutch: [ˈpeːtər pʌul ˈrybəns]; 28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist and diplomat. [ 2 ] He is considered the most influential artist of the Flemish Baroque tradition. Rubens's highly charged compositions reference erudite aspects of classical and Christian history.
The Elevation of the Cross is an accurate biblical representation of the crucifixion of Christ, in keeping with the specific guidelines for art produced following the Council of Trent. [3] Rubens reflects the spirit of the Counter-Reformation by representing the victorious nature of Christ's death while maintaining his divine nature. [2]
535 cm × 395 cm (211 in × 156 in) Location. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. The Miracles of St. Francis Xavier is a large altarpiece painted by Peter Paul Rubens in 1617 or 1618. It was originally commissioned by the Jesuits in Antwerp for their church, now known as the St. Charles Borromeo Church. It is now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum ...
The artist also stated that he felt the placement of these figures was a good distance away from Christ, keeping them from tainting the image of the Last Supper. [2] By painting The Feast in the House of Levi in this manner, Veronese had gone against the Council of Trent, which had been created as part of the Counter-Reformation. [10]
The Counter-Reformation (Latin: Contrareformatio), also sometimes called the Catholic Revival, [ 1 ] was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to, and as an alternative to, the Protestant Reformations at the time. It is frequently dated to have begun with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and to end with the ...