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Bread covered with linen proofing cloth in the background. In cooking, proofing (also called proving) is a step in the preparation of yeast bread and other baked goods in which the dough is allowed to rest and rise a final time before baking. During this rest period, yeast ferments the dough and produces gases, thereby leavening the dough.
Making bread in the summertime is a real joy. The warm, humid temperatures help dough rise beautifully. But in winter, it can be a real bear to get the lift you need in a cooler home.
Kneading's importance lies in the mixing of flour with water; when these two ingredients are combined and kneaded, the gliadin and glutenin proteins in the flour expand and form strands of gluten, which gives bread its texture. [2] (To aid gluten production, many recipes use bread flour, which is higher in protein than all-purpose flour.) The ...
Staling is a chemical and physical process in bread that reduces its palatability.Staling is not simply a drying-out process caused by evaporation. [1] One important mechanism is the migration of moisture from the starch granules into the interstitial spaces, degelatinizing the starch; stale bread's leathery, hard texture results from the starch amylose and amylopectin molecules realigning and ...
The sponge's fermentation time depends on its temperature and that of the surrounding area, the ingredients used, and the percentage amount of yeast. It ferments in a humid environment at 74–78 °F (23–26 °C), where it may rise and expand to 4-5 times its original volume, when it falls it has reached 66-70% of its allotted time.
Longer fermented sourdoughs can also contain acetic acid, the main non-water component of vinegar. [54] [55] [56] Sourdough breads are made with a sourdough starter. The starter cultivates yeast and lactobacilli in a mixture of flour and water, making use of the microorganisms already present on flour; it does not need any added yeast.
According to one version of the method described by New York baker Jim Lahey, [5] in his book My Bread, one loaf of the bread is made by mixing 400 g (approximately 3 cups) bread flour, 8 g (approximately 1¼ teaspoons) salt and 1 g (approximately ¼ teaspoon) instant yeast with 300 mL (approximately 1 1/3 cups) cool water to produce a 75% ...
Parbaking is a cooking technique in which a bread or dough product is partially baked and then rapidly frozen for storage [1] or assembled into a final product. It has been used to increase the mass manufacture and distribution of bread products, including bagels. [2] When parbaking is used to bake bread, it increases the shelf life of the loaf ...