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Tit for tat is an English saying meaning "equivalent ... The strategy was first introduced by Anatol Rapoport in Robert Axelrod's two tournaments, [3] held around ...
Axelrod applies various models related to IPD to a variety of situations, drawing conclusions from these simulations about the ways in which groups form, adhere, oppose or join other groups, and other topics in the fields of genetic evolution, business, political science, military alliances, wars, and more.
Axelrod linked Live and Let Live to the co-operative strategy referred to as Tit for Tat. Axelrod's interpretation of "Live and Let Live" as a prisoner's dilemma has been disputed by political scientists Joanne Gowa [3] and Andrew Gelman, [4] who (separately) argue that the assumptions underlying the prisoner's dilemma do not hold in this example.
The winner was a very simple strategy submitted by Anatol Rapoport called "tit for tat" (TFT) that cooperates on the first move, and subsequently echoes (reciprocates) what the other player did on the previous move. The results of the first tournament were analyzed and published, and a second tournament was held to see if anyone could find a ...
Tit-for-tat is a ZD strategy which is "fair", in the sense of not gaining advantage over the other player. But the ZD space also contains strategies that, in the case of two players, can allow one player to unilaterally set the other player's score or alternatively force an evolutionary player to achieve a payoff some percentage lower than his own.
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Rapoport's entry, Tit-for-Tat, has only four lines of code. The program opens by cooperating with its opponent. It then plays exactly as the other side played in the previous game. If the other side defected in the previous game, the program also defects; but only for one game.
Democratic strategist David Axelrod on Sunday warned the party against being too euphoric over Vice President Harris’s slight national lead over former President Trump, suggesting the Republican ...