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Sentence processing takes place whenever a reader or listener processes a language utterance, either in isolation or in the context of a conversation or a text. Many studies of the human language comprehension process have focused on reading of single utterances (sentences) without context.
Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of computer science and especially artificial intelligence.It is primarily concerned with providing computers with the ability to process data encoded in natural language and is thus closely related to information retrieval, knowledge representation and computational linguistics, a subfield of linguistics.
The Competition Model was initially proposed as a theory of cross-linguistic sentence processing. [3] The model suggests that people interpret the meaning of a sentence by taking into account various linguistic cues contained in the sentence context, such as word order, morphology, and semantic characteristics (e.g., animacy), to compute a probabilistic value for each interpretation ...
With James H. Martin, he wrote the textbook Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, and Computational Linguistics; Roger Schank – introduced the conceptual dependency theory for natural-language understanding. [23] Jean E. Fox Tree – Alan Turing – originator of the Turing Test.
In 1986, Noam Chomsky proposed a distinction similar to the competence/performance distinction, entertaining the notion of an I-Language (internal language) which is the intrinsic linguistic knowledge within a native speaker and E-Language (external language) which is the observable linguistic output of a speaker.
Definition of an ontology – taxonomy – of concepts needed to describe tasks in the topic addressed. Each concept and all their attributes are defined in natural-language words. This ontology will define the data structures the NLP can use in sentences. Definition of one or more top-level sentences in terms of concepts from the ontology.
Deep linguistic processing is a natural language processing framework which draws on theoretical and descriptive linguistics. It models language predominantly by way of theoretical syntactic/semantic theory (e.g. CCG , HPSG , LFG , TAG , the Prague School ).
Text segmentation is the process of dividing written text into meaningful units, such as words, sentences, or topics.The term applies both to mental processes used by humans when reading text, and to artificial processes implemented in computers, which are the subject of natural language processing.