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Before o (in the first person singular of the indicative present tense) and a (that is, in all persons of the present subjunctive), the so-called G-verbs (sometimes "Go-Yo verbs", "Yo-Go" verbs, or simply "Go" verbs) add a medial -g-after l and n (also after s in asir), add -ig-when the root ends in a vowel, or substitute -c-for -g-.
For other irregular verbs and their common patterns, see the article on Spanish irregular verbs. The tables include only the "simple" tenses (that is, those formed with a single word), and not the "compound" tenses (those formed with an auxiliary verb plus a non-finite form of the main verb), such as the progressive, perfect, and passive voice.
As visible above, the godan verb yomu (読む, to read) has a static verb stem, yo-(読〜), and a dynamic conjugational stem which changes depending on the purpose: yoma-(読ま〜, row 1), yomi-(読み〜, row 2), yomu (読む, row 3), yome-(読め〜, row 4) and yomo-(読も〜, row 5). Unlike godan verb stems, ichidan verb stems are also ...
The so-called I-go verbs add a medial -g-in the first-person singular present tense (making the Yo ["I"] form end in -go; e.g., tener ["to have"] becomes tengo ["I have"]; venir ["to come"] becomes vengo ["I come"]). The -g-is present in the present subjunctive of such verbs. These verbs are often irregular in other forms as well.
a – hoshi; b – tengen; c – go no go; d – san san; e – komoku; f – takamoku; g – ōtakamoku; h – mokuhazushi; i – ōmokuhazushi As the distance of a stone from the edge of the board has important tactical and strategic implications, it is normal to term the corner points of the board (1, 1) points, and count lines in from the edge.
The reason for this is that in Japanese, sentences (other than occasional inverted sentences or sentences containing afterthoughts) always end in a verb (or other predicative words like adjectival verbs, adjectival nouns, auxiliary verbs)—the only exceptions being a few sentence-ending particles such as ka, ne, and yo.
A verb that does not follow all of the standard conjugation patterns of the language is said to be an irregular verb. The system of all conjugated variants of a particular verb or class of verbs is called a verb paradigm; this may be presented in the form of a conjugation table.
Verbs written entirely in hiragana are pentagrade verbs. For example, びびる (bibiru, to be surprised) and のめる (nomeru, to fall forward) are pentagrade verbs. Kanji verbs with 1 okurigana and 3+ syllables are pentagrade verbs. For example, 契る (chi-gi-ru, to pledge) and 嘲る (a-za-ke-ru, to ridicule) are pentagrade verbs.