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[7] [3] When used by mouth or injection, side effects may include headache, nausea, and a change to the color of the skin for a brief period of time. [3] Allergic reactions may rarely occur. [3] Fluorescein is a dye which is taken up by damaged cornea such that the area appears green under cobalt blue light. [3]
The fluorescein dye also reappears in the patient urine, causing the urine to appear darker, and sometimes orange. [2] It can also cause discolouration of the saliva. Fluorescein angiography is one of several health care applications of this dye, all of which have a risk of severe adverse effects. See fluorescein safety in health care applications.
Fluorescein can be introduced to a plant's veins through the roots or a cut stem. The dye is able to be taken up into the plant the same way as water and moves from the roots to the top of the plant due to a transpirational pull. [29] The fluorescein that has been taken up into the plant can be visualized under a fluorescent microscope.
After five minutes, the patient is asked to open both eyes and look upward so the test strips may be removed. The Schirmer test score is determined by the length of the moistened area of the strips (using the scale packaged with the strips) The use of the anesthetic ensures that only basal tear secretion is being measured. [3]
Diagnosis is often by slit lamp examination after fluorescein dye has been applied. [1] More significant injuries like a corneal ulcer, globe rupture, recurrent erosion syndrome, and a foreign body within the eye should be ruled out. [1] Prevention includes the use of eye protection. [1] Treatment is typically with antibiotic ointment. [1]
Rose bengal (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein) is a stain. Rose bengal belongs to the class of organic compounds called xanthenes. [1] Its sodium salt is commonly used in eye drops to stain damaged conjunctival and corneal cells and thereby identify damage to the eye.
Dichlorofluorescein (DCF) is an organic dye of the fluorescein family, being substituted at the 2 and 7 positions by chloride. It is used as an indicator for argentometry by Fajans method. [1] [2] When used as an indicator, upon reaching the equivalence point of a titration reaction the color shifts from colorless towards a faint pink.
A fluorescein strip containing 10% fluorescein is applied topically to the affected area, without applying pressure on the eye due to the risk of tissue extrusion. [2] The fluorescein is examined with a cobalt blue filter. At this point, the fluorescein appears green in color.