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Fluorescein is a dye which is taken up by damaged cornea such that the area appears green under cobalt blue light. [3] There is also a version that comes premixed with lidocaine. [4] [8] Fluorescein was first made in 1871. [9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [10]
Fluorescein is a fluorophore commonly used in microscopy, in a type of dye laser as the gain medium, in forensics and serology to detect latent blood stains, and in dye tracing. Fluorescein has an absorption maximum at 494 nm and emission maximum of 512 nm (in water).
Fluorescein enters the ocular circulation from the internal carotid artery via the ophthalmic artery. The ophthalmic artery supplies the choroid via the short posterior ciliary arteries and the retina via the central retinal artery, but the route to the choroid is typically less circuitous than the route to the retina. This accounts for the ...
A fluorescein strip containing 10% fluorescein is applied topically to the affected area, without applying pressure on the eye due to the risk of tissue extrusion. [2] The fluorescein is examined with a cobalt blue filter. At this point, the fluorescein appears green in color.
Rose bengal was originally prepared in 1882 by Swiss chemist Robert Ghnem, as an analogue of fluorescein. [4] Rudolf Nietzki at the University of Basel identified the principal constituents of rose bengal as iodine derivatives of di- and tetra-chlorofluorescein. [5] The compound was originally used as a wool dye. [6]
Due to the fluorescein, the tear film will appear green in color. [5] A black spot indicating the dry area will appear a few seconds after each blink. TBUT is the time interval between the last blink and appearance of the first randomly-distributed dry spot. [2] If the patient blinks before 10 seconds have elapsed, the test must be restarted.