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Discrete emotion theory is the claim that there is a small number of core emotions.For example, Silvan Tomkins (1962, 1963) concluded that there are nine basic affects which correspond with what we come to know as emotions: interest, enjoyment, surprise, distress, fear, anger, shame, dissmell (reaction to bad smell) and disgust.
Ekman’s work indicated the existence of 7 basic emotions: happiness, surprise, fear, anger, disgust, sadness, and neutral. [4] [5] [6] In 1978 Ekman and Friesen updated Facial Action Coding System (FACS), originally developed by a Swedish anatomist Carl-Herman Hjortsjö.
A popular example is Paul Ekman and his colleagues' cross-cultural study of 1992, in which they concluded that the six basic emotions are anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. [2] Ekman explains that there are particular characteristics attached to each of these emotions, allowing them to be expressed in varying degrees in a ...
Microexpressions express the seven universal emotions: disgust, anger, fear, sadness, happiness, contempt, and surprise. Nevertheless, in the 1990s, Paul Ekman expanded his list of emotions, including a range of positive and negative emotions not all of which are encoded in facial muscles. These emotions are amusement, embarrassment, anxiety ...
1280 videos and over 250 images Color 720* 576 AU label for the image frame with apex facial expression in each image sequence Posed and Spontaneous Belfast Database [8] Set 1 (disgust, fear, amusement, frustration, surprise) 114 570 video clips Color 720*576 Natural Emotion Set 2 (disgust, fear, amusement, frustration, surprise, anger, sadness) 82
Paul Ekman (born February 15, 1934) [1] is an American psychologist and professor emeritus at the University of California, San Francisco who is a pioneer in the study of emotions and their relation to facial expressions. [2]
The expressions of emotion that Ekman noted as most universal based on research are: anger, fear, disgust, sadness, and enjoyment. [5] A common view is that facial expressions initially served a non-communicative adaptive function.
A system has been conceived by psychologists in order to formally categorize the physical expression of emotions on faces. The central concept of the Facial Action Coding System, or FACS, as created by Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen in 1978 based on earlier work by Carl-Herman Hjortsjö [33] are action units (AU). They are, basically, a ...