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The word polynomial joins two diverse roots: the Greek poly, meaning "many", and the Latin nomen, or "name". It was derived from the term binomial by replacing the Latin root bi-with the Greek poly-. That is, it means a sum of many terms (many monomials). The word polynomial was first used in the 17th century. [6]
For a long time, the main problem was to find the solutions of a single non-linear polynomial equation in a single unknown. The fact that a complex solution always exists is the fundamental theorem of algebra , which was proved only at the beginning of the 19th century and does not have a purely algebraic proof.
For polynomials in two or more variables, the degree of a term is the sum of the exponents of the variables in the term; the degree (sometimes called the total degree) of the polynomial is again the maximum of the degrees of all terms in the polynomial. For example, the polynomial x 2 y 2 + 3x 3 + 4y has degree 4, the same degree as the term x ...
Every polynomial in one variable x with real coefficients can be uniquely written as the product of a constant, polynomials of the form x + a with a real, and polynomials of the form x 2 + ax + b with a and b real and a 2 − 4b < 0 (which is the same thing as saying that the polynomial x 2 + ax + b has no real roots).
n=0 of orthogonal polynomials is defined by the relations = , , = . In other words, the sequence is obtained from the sequence of monomials 1, x, x 2, … by the Gram–Schmidt process with respect to this inner product.
A polynomial f with coefficients in F q (symbolically written as f ∈ F q [x]) is a permutation polynomial of F q if the function from F q to itself defined by () is a permutation of F q. [4] Due to the finiteness of F q, this definition can be expressed in several equivalent ways: [5]
In algebra, a multilinear polynomial [1] is a multivariate polynomial that is linear (meaning affine) in each of its variables separately, but not necessarily simultaneously. It is a polynomial in which no variable occurs to a power of 2 {\displaystyle 2} or higher; that is, each monomial is a constant times a product of distinct variables.
The map x ↦ L(x) is a linear map over any field containing F q.; The set of roots of L is an F q-vector space and is closed under the q-Frobenius map.; Conversely, if U is any F q-linear subspace of some finite field containing F q, then the polynomial that vanishes exactly on U is a linearised polynomial.