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Edward Lee Thorndike (() August 31, 1874 – () August 9, 1949) was an American psychologist who spent nearly his entire career at Teachers College, Columbia University.His work on comparative psychology and the learning process led to his "theory of connectionism" and helped lay the scientific foundation for educational psychology.
The law of effect, or Thorndike's law, is a psychology principle advanced by Edward Thorndike in 1898 on the matter of behavioral conditioning (not then formulated as such) which states that "responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a ...
Operant conditioning originated with Edward Thorndike, whose law of effect theorised that behaviors arise as a result of consequences as satisfying or discomforting. In the 20th century, operant conditioning was studied by behavioral psychologists, who believed that much of mind and behaviour is explained through environmental conditioning.
Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understand the behavior of humans and other animals. [1] [2] It assumes that behavior is either a reflex elicited by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and ...
B. F. Skinner expanded upon Thorndike's existing work. [9] Skinner theorized that if a behavior is followed by a reward, that behavior is more likely to be repeated, but added that if it is followed by some sort of punishment, it is less likely to be repeated. He introduced the word reinforcement into Thorndike's law of effect. [10]
Edward L. Thorndike, ... it is the study of how mental functions relate to behavior. [5] ... theories that contributed to the development of functional ...
Learning theory (education) – Theory that describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning Constructivism (philosophy of education) – Theory of knowledge; Radical behaviorism – Term pioneered by B.F. Skinner; Instructional design – Process for design and development of learning resources
Their theory implied that transfer of learning depends on how similar the learning task and transfer tasks are, or where "identical elements are concerned in the influencing and influenced function", now known as the identical element theory. [2] Thorndike urged schools to design curricula with tasks similar to those students would encounter ...