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To bind a document, the user first punches holes in the paper with a specialized hole punch. Pages must be punched a few at a time with most of these machines. If hard covers are desired, they must be punched as well. In bulk applications, a paper drilling machine may be used. Then the user chooses a spine size that will match the document.
A hole punch, also known as hole puncher, or paper puncher, is an office tool that is used to create holes in sheets of paper, often for the purpose of collecting the sheets in a binder or folder (such collected sheets are called loose leaves). A hole punch can also refer to similar tools for other materials, such as leather, cloth, or sheets ...
A number of designs for automatic center punches have been developed since the late 19th century as improvements over punches requiring the use of a striking tool. The earliest types were not fully automatic, using a captive weight lifted by the user or a spring and weight drawn by the user to provide the striking impulse.
The most common type in Canada and the United States is a three-ring system for letter size pages (8 + 1 ⁄ 2 by 11 inches or 220 mm × 280 mm), whose size is similar to ISO 216-based A4 size. A standard 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 by 11 inches (220 mm × 280 mm) sheet of paper has three holes with spacing of 4 + 1 ⁄ 4 inches (110 mm).
Standard perforations are 5/32 inch in diameter (3.96875 mm, sometimes called 4 mm) and are spaced at 1 ⁄ 2 inch (13 mm) center-to-center. Tear-off horizontal perforations at page top/bottom are exactly in-between standard perforations, at whatever regular interval is used for that particular paper.
As compared to a paper clip, the binder clip is able to bind sheets of paper more securely, and is also resistant to rust. There are several sizes of binder clips, ranging from a base size of 5 millimetres (0.2 in) to 50 mm (1.97 in).