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The Levallois technique (IPA:) is a name given by archaeologists to a distinctive type of stone knapping developed around 250,000 to 400,000 [1] years ago during the Middle Palaeolithic period. It is part of the Mousterian stone tool industry, and was used by the Neanderthals in Europe and by modern humans in other regions such as the Levant .
The best-known prepared core reduction method is the Levallois technique [3] Prepared core technology was likely invented independently multiple times at different locations. [ 4 ] The regular use of Prepared core technology is associated with large-brained hominins such as Homo heidelbergensis , Neanderthals and modern humans .
The Levallois technique of flint-knapping. In archaeology, in particular of the Stone Age, lithic reduction is the process of fashioning stones or rocks from their natural state into tools or weapons by removing some parts.
Production of points & spearheads from a flint stone core, Levallois technique, Mousterian culture, Tabun Cave, Israel, 250,000–50,000 BP. Israel Museum Cave entrance of Raqefet Cave, where Mousterian remains have been found. The European Mousterian is the product of Neanderthals. It existed roughly from 160,000 to 40,000 BP. [6]
Flintknapping a stone tool. Knapping is the shaping of flint, chert, obsidian, or other conchoidal fracturing stone through the process of lithic reduction to manufacture stone tools, strikers for flintlock firearms, or to produce flat-faced stones for building or facing walls, and flushwork decoration.
Small flint tools made of thin flakes predominate these levels, many produced using the Levallois technique. Tools typical of the Mousterian culture feature elongated points, and include flakes of various shapes used as scrapers, end scrapers and other denticulate tools used for cutting and sawing.
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Different techniques are also required for blade creation; a soft punch or hammerstone is necessary for creating a blade. The long sharp edges of blades made them useful for a variety of purposes. After blades are flaked, they are often incorporated as parts of larger tools, such as spears. Other times, the simple shape and sharpness serves the ...