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In this diagram of a duplicated chromosome, (2) identifies the centromere—the region that joins the two sister chromatids, or each half of the chromosome. In prophase of mitosis, specialized regions on centromeres called kinetochores attach chromosomes to spindle fibers. The centromere links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell ...
Centromere protein A, also known as CENPA, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CENPA gene. [5] CENPA is a histone H3 variant which is the critical factor determining the kinetochore position(s) on each chromosome [ 6 ] in most eukaryotes including humans.
The largest regions on each chromosome are the short arm p and the long arm q, separated by a narrow region near the center called the centromere. [1] Other specific regions have also been defined, some of which are similarly found on every chromosome, while others are only present in certain chromosomes. Named regions include: Arms (p and q ...
The chromosome is ~193 megabases in length. In a 2012 paper, 775 protein-encoding genes were identified on this chromosome. [4] 211 (27.9%) of these coding sequences did not have any experimental evidence at the protein level, in 2012. 271 appear to be membrane proteins. 54 have been classified as cancer-associated proteins.
SP140L: encoding protein Sp140 nuclear body protein like; SPATS2L: spermatogenesis associated, serine-rich 2-like protein; SSB: Sjögren syndrome antigen B; SSFA2: Sperm-specific antigen 2; STK11IP: encoding protein Serine/threonine kinase 11 interacting protein; TBR1: T-box, brain, 1; THAP4: THAP domain-containing protein 4
The centromere of chromosome 6 illustrates an interesting example of centromere evolution. It was known [ further explanation needed ] that in a Catarrhini ancestor the chromosome 6 centromere was situated near position 26 Mb of the modern human chromosome.
Inner centromere protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INCENP gene. [5] [6] [7] It is a regulatory protein in the chromosome passenger complex (CPC). It is involved in regulation of the catalytic proteins Aurora B and Aurora C. [8] [9] [10] It acts in association with two other proteins - Survivin and Borealin.
Duplicated chromosome. (2) identifies the Monocentric centromere—the region that joins the two sister chromatids, or each half of the chromosome.In prophase of mitosis, specialized regions on centromeres called kinetochores attach chromosomes to spindle fibers.