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The most frequent type of endometrial cancer is endometrioid carcinoma, which accounts for more than 80% of cases. [3] Endometrial cancer is commonly diagnosed by endometrial biopsy or by taking samples during a procedure known as dilation and curettage. [1] A pap smear is not typically sufficient to show endometrial cancer. [4]
Endometrial cancer forms from the lining of the uterus, and uterine sarcoma forms from the muscles or support tissue of the uterus. [1] [2] Endometrial cancer accounts for approximately 90% of all uterine cancers in the United States. [6] Symptoms of endometrial cancer include changes in vaginal bleeding or pain in the pelvis. [1]
[25] [32] [26] Endometriosis is associated with certain types of cancers, notably some types of ovarian cancer, [33] non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and brain cancer. [34] Endometriosis is however unrelated to endometrial cancer. [35] Rarely, endometriosis can cause endometrium-like tissue to be found in other parts of the body.
There is an association with endometriosis and concurrent primary endometrial carcinoma (endometrial cancer). On gross pathological examination, the tumor is cystic and may be solid and some arise in cystic endometriosis. In 40% of cases, endometrioid tumors are found bilaterally.
Uterine papillary serous carcinoma is staged like other forms of endometrial carcinoma at time of surgery using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cancer staging system. Stage IA: tumor is limited to less than half the myometrium; Stage IB: invasion of more than half the myometrium; Stage II: cervical stromal invasion
Uterine clear-cell carcinoma (CC) is a rare form of endometrial cancer with distinct morphological features on pathology; it is aggressive and has high recurrence rate. Like uterine papillary serous carcinoma CC does not develop from endometrial hyperplasia and is not hormone sensitive, rather it arises from an atrophic endometrium.
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