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Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is a pale yellow to light brown liquid [1] organic compound used as an adjuvant component of pesticide formulations for synergy.That is, despite having no pesticidal activity of its own, it enhances the potency of certain pesticides such as carbamates, pyrethrins, pyrethroids, and rotenone. [2]
Thermal decomposition of lead(II) nitrate or lead(II) carbonate also results in the formation of PbO: 2 Pb(NO 3) 2 → 2 PbO + 4 NO 2 + O 2 PbCO 3 → PbO + CO 2. PbO is produced on a large scale as an intermediate product in refining raw lead ores into metallic lead. The usual lead ore is galena (lead(II) sulfide).
2 PbO 2 + 2 H 2 SO 4 → 2 PbSO 4 + 2 H 2 O + O 2 2 PbO 2 + 4 HNO 3 → 2 Pb(NO 3) 2 + 2 H 2 O + O 2 PbO 2 + 4 HCl → PbCl 2 + 2 H 2 O + Cl 2. However these reactions are slow. Lead dioxide is well known for being a good oxidizing agent, with an example reactions listed below: [7] 2 MnSO 4 + 5 PbO 2 + 6 HNO 3 → 2 HMnO 4 + 2 PbSO 4 + 3 Pb(NO ...
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Lead sesquioxide, Pb 2 O 3, which is a lead (II,IV) oxide as well (lead(II) metaplumbate(IV) [Pb 2+][PbO 2− 3]), reddish yellow Pb 12 O 19 , monoclinic, dark-brown or black crystals The so-called black lead oxide , which is a mixture of PbO and fine-powdered Pb metal and used in the production of lead–acid batteries .
Lead(II,IV) oxide is lead(II) orthoplumbate(IV) [Pb 2+] 2 [PbO 4− 4]. [3] It has a tetragonal crystal structure at room temperature, which then transforms to an orthorhombic (Pearson symbol oP28, Space group Pbam, No. 55) form at temperature 170 K (−103 °C). This phase transition only changes the symmetry of the crystal and slightly ...
In bygone centuries it was mined. Nowadays massicot arises during industrial processing of lead and lead oxides, [6] especially in the glass industry, which is the biggest user of PbO. The definition of massicot as orthorhombic PbO dates from the 1840s, [5] but the substance massicot and the name massicot has been in use since the late medieval ...
PbCl 2 reacts with molten NaNO 2 to give PbO: PbCl 2(l) + 3 NaNO 2 → PbO + NaNO 3 + 2 NO + 2 NaCl. PbCl 2 is used in synthesis of lead(IV) chloride (PbCl 4): Cl 2 is bubbled through a saturated solution of PbCl 2 in aqueous NH 4 Cl forming [NH 4] 2 [PbCl 6]. The latter is reacted with cold concentrated sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) forming PbCl 4 ...