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Early pregnancy bleeding (also called first trimester bleeding) is vaginal bleeding before 14 weeks of gestational age. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If the bleeding is significant, hemorrhagic shock may occur. [ 1 ] Concern for shock is increased in those who have loss of consciousness , chest pain, shortness of breath , or shoulder pain.
Implantation bleeding may be confused with a regular period. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Heavy vaginal bleeding in the first trimester or bleeding associated with pain, may be a sign of a complication , such as a miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy , that would need to be assessed by a healthcare provider.
Besides placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine rupture can occur, which is a very serious condition leading to internal or external bleeding. Bleeding from the fetus is rare, but may occur with two conditions called vasa previa and velamentous umbilical cord insertion where the fetal blood vessels lie near the placental insertion site unprotected by Wharton's jelly of the cord. [11]
Bleeding and spotting are common during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and early stages of pregnancy, but are unrelated to implantation. Implantation bleeding occurs between 7 and 14 days after fertilization, [56] and is a small amount of light vaginal bleeding or spotting that can occur in early pregnancy due to the blastocyst ...
[5] [13] Pregnancy is "the presence of an implanted human embryo or fetus in the uterus"; implantation occurs on average 8–9 days after fertilization. [15] An embryo is the term for the developing offspring during the first seven weeks following implantation (i.e. ten weeks' gestational age), after which the term fetus is used until birth. [5]
[20] [21] The mother may also experience vaginal bleeding, particularly in the third trimester. [11] Women with velamentous cord insertion may not experience any symptoms throughout pregnancy. [ 16 ] During delivery, there may be slow or abnormal fetal heart rate patterns [ 3 ] [ 10 ] [ 19 ] and there may be excessive bleeding or hemorrhage ...
Bleeding during the first half of pregnancy may be referred to as a threatened miscarriage. [39] Of those who seek treatment for bleeding during pregnancy, about half will miscarry. [ 40 ] Miscarriage may be detected during an ultrasound exam or through serial human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) testing.
Vaginal bleeding: A circumvallate placenta can increase the risk of frequent vaginal bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy. In a study conducted with 92 women with a circumvallate placenta, it was concluded that incidences of vaginal bleeding were significantly higher in women with a circumvallate placenta during all three trimesters ...