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Bone metastasis, or osseous metastatic disease, is a category of cancer metastases that result from primary tumor invasions into bones. Bone-originating primary tumors such as osteosarcoma , chondrosarcoma , and Ewing sarcoma are rare; the most common bone tumor is a metastasis. [ 1 ]
A bone tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue in bone, traditionally classified as noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). [1] [4] Cancerous bone tumors usually originate from a cancer in another part of the body such as from lung, breast, thyroid, kidney and prostate. [1] There may be a lump, pain, or neurological signs from pressure. [1]
Bone metastasis: bone pain, [10] fracture of affected bones [10] Brain metastasis: neurological symptoms such as headaches, [10] seizures, [10] and vertigo [10] Although advanced cancer may cause pain, it is often not the first symptom. Some patients, however, do not show any symptoms. [10]
Around 550 cases of primary bone cancer – a cancer that begins in the bones – are diagnosed in the UK each year
Metastasis of tumors involving the limb bones is very common, usually to the lungs. The tumor causes a great deal of pain, and can even lead to fracture of the affected bone. As with human osteosarcoma, bone biopsy is the definitive method to reach a final diagnosis.
Bone cancer is caused when cancer cells form in the bones and creates malignant growths, which can be fatal. Of note, primary bone cancer (e.g. osteosarcoma) is relatively uncommon. Most people who are reported as having "bone cancer" actually have another cancer that has "metastasized" or spread to the bone.