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Simple adpositions consist of a single word (on, in, for, towards, etc.). Complex adpositions consist of a group of words that act as one unit. Examples of complex prepositions in English include in spite of, with respect to, except for, by dint of, and next to.
The word or other morpheme that corresponds to an English preposition occurs after its complement, hence the name postposition. The following examples are from Japanese, where the case markers perform a role similar to that of adpositions: a. ..mise ni store to = 'to the store' b. ..ie kara house from = 'from the house' c. ..hashi de
The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (CGEL) says of complex prepositions, In the first place, there is a good deal of inconsistency in the traditional account, as reflected in the practice of dictionaries, as to which combinations are analysed as complex prepositions and which as sequences of adverb + preposition.
(Compare English "in front of", "because of".) Note however that many nouns no longer exhibit distinct prepositional case forms in the conversational language. In the Pashto language, there also exists a case that occurs only in combination with certain prepositions. It is more often called the "first oblique" than the prepositional.
In some cases, particularly with noun and adjective phrases, it is not always clear which dependents are to be classed as complements, and which as adjuncts.Although in principle the head-directionality parameter concerns the order of heads and complements only, considerations of head-initiality and head-finality sometimes take account of the position of the head in the phrase as a whole ...
The following are single-word intransitive prepositions. This portion of the list includes only prepositions that are always intransitive; prepositions that can occur with or without noun phrase complements (that is, transitively or intransitively) are listed with the prototypical prepositions.
The English language allows for these to be expansive; allowing words to be used that would otherwise not be considered prepositions in English. Putting almost any word in front of "to," "of," "by," etc. makes the utterance a "multiple word preposition," making compiling an exhaustive list nearly impossible.
The adlative "goal function", which in most East Slavic grammars is prescribed to be expressed in accusative (for example, Ми поклали книжку на стіл, My poklaly knyzhku na stil, 'We laid a book on the table'), may in Ukrainian sometimes be expressed in locative instead (Ми поклали книжку на столі, My ...