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The largest variation of his results from the mean was 0.00028 inches (7.1 μm). This represented a precision of gravity measurement of 0.7×10 −5 (7 milligals). In 1824, the British Parliament made Kater's measurement of the seconds pendulum the official backup standard of length for defining the yard if the yard prototype was destroyed.
Figure 1. Apparatus used in the Fizeau experiment. The Fizeau experiment was carried out by Hippolyte Fizeau in 1851 to measure the relative speeds of light in moving water. . Fizeau used a special interferometer arrangement to measure the effect of movement of a medium upon the speed of lig
Figure 2: Foucault's determination of the relative speed of light in air vs water. Light from a passing through a slit (not shown) is reflected by mirror m (rotating clockwise around c) towards the concave spherical mirrors M and M'. Lens L forms images of the slit on the surfaces of the two concave mirrors.
In 1848–49, Hippolyte Fizeau determined the speed of light using an intense light source at the bell tower of his father's holiday home in Suresnes, and a mirror 8,633 meters away on Montmartre. [2] The light source was interrupted by a rotating cogwheel with 720 notches that could be rotated at a variable speed several times a second.
Gravity is usually measured in units of acceleration.In the SI system of units, the standard unit of acceleration is metres per second squared (m/s 2).Other units include the cgs gal (sometimes known as a galileo, in either case with symbol Gal), which equals 1 centimetre per second squared, and the g (g n), equal to 9.80665 m/s 2.
The Gaussian gravitational constant used in space dynamics is a defined constant and the Cavendish experiment can be considered as a measurement of this constant. In Cavendish's time, physicists used the same units for mass and weight, in effect taking g as a standard acceleration.
An accelerometer measures proper acceleration, which is the acceleration it experiences relative to freefall and is the acceleration felt by people and objects. [2] Put another way, at any point in spacetime the equivalence principle guarantees the existence of a local inertial frame, and an accelerometer measures the acceleration relative to that frame. [4]
speed of light (in vacuum) 299,792,458 meters per second (m/s) speed of sound: meter per second (m/s) specific heat capacity: joule per kilogram per kelvin (J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1) viscous damping coefficient kilogram per second (kg/s) electric displacement field also called the electric flux density coulomb per square meter (C/m 2)