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Proteus syndrome is a rare genetic disorder [1] that can cause tissue overgrowth involving all three embryonic lineages. Patients with Proteus syndrome tend to have an increased risk of embryonic tumor development. [2] The clinical symptoms and radiographic findings of Proteus syndrome are highly variable, as are its orthopedic manifestations ...
Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome; Other names: BRRS: Autosomal dominant is the manner in which this condition is inherited: Specialty: Oncology, medical genetics Symptoms: Enlarged head [1] Causes: Mutations in the PTEN gene [2] Diagnostic method: Based on signs and symptoms [3] Treatment: Based on symptoms [3]
Children with some overgrowth syndromes such as Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome can be readily detectable at birth. [3] In contrast, other overgrowth syndromes such as Proteus syndrome usually present in the postnatal period, characteristically between the second and third year of life. [ 2 ]
It seems this treatment is having tremendous and quick effects. CLOVES syndrome is closely linked to other overgrowth disorders like proteus syndrome, Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome, Sturge–Weber syndrome, and hemihypertrophy, to name a few. 'CLOVES' is an acronym for: [2] [3] C is for congenital.
Incontinentia pigmenti is X-linked dominant and Sturge-Weber syndrome is sporadic. Some neurocutaneous disorders are found exclusively as mosaics such as Sturge-Weber syndrome and Proteus syndrome. Others such as neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2 as well as tuberous sclerosis complex can potentially be mosaics but may not be. [71]
Treatment of PROS diseases is variable and depends on the specific disease. Curative treatment does not exist and most treatments are given to control symptoms. Overgrowth and malformations of solid tissues can be treated with surgery. Sclerotherapy can be used to treat vascular malformations. [5]
It is interesting to note that individuals with two genetic diseases associated with the development of PB have gene mutations involving this pathway, i.e. the Proteus syndrome caused by an activating mutations in the AKT1 gene and the Cowden syndrome caused by a mutation in the PTEN (gene) tumor suppressor gene. [5]
Proteus-like syndrome (PLS) is a condition similar to Proteus syndrome, but with an uncertain cause. [1] It's characterized by skeletal and hamartous overgrowth of multiple tissues, nevi in cerebriform connective tissue, blood vessel malformations and linear epidermal nevi. [2] [3]