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The original information may or may not appear literally in the encoded output; codes that include the unmodified input in the output are systematic, while those that do not are non-systematic. A simplistic example of ECC is to transmit each data bit three times, which is known as a (3,1) repetition code .
It is not suitable for detecting maliciously introduced errors. It is characterized by specification of a generator polynomial, which is used as the divisor in a polynomial long division over a finite field, taking the input data as the dividend. The remainder becomes the result.
The unit is then checked, but no anomaly is detected by the maintainer. Consequently, the unit is returned to service with no repair performed. [1] [2] [3] If there is an underlying fault that has not been detected the unit may be returned for repair several times with no fault identified. Alternative descriptors include: [4] No fault found (NFF)
A hardware interrupt is a condition related to the state of the hardware that may be signaled by an external hardware device, e.g., an interrupt request (IRQ) line on a PC, or detected by devices embedded in processor logic (e.g., the CPU timer in IBM System/370), to communicate that the device needs attention from the operating system (OS) [7] or, if there is no OS, from the bare metal ...
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Devices for communication between computers, such as modems and network cards, typically perform both input and output operations. Any interaction with the system by an interactor is an input and the reaction the system responds is called the output. The designation of a device as either input or output depends on perspective.
Single-event upsets were first described during above-ground nuclear testing, from 1954 to 1957, when many anomalies were observed in electronic monitoring equipment.. Further problems were observed in space electronics during the 1960s, although it was difficult to separate soft failures from other forms of interfe
High KSPC values can be related to either many errors which were corrected, or few errors which were not corrected; however, there is no way to distinguish the two. KSPC depends on the text input method, and cannot be used to meaningfully compare two different input methods, such as a QWERTY keyboard and a multi-tap device.