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On a rated ballot, the voter may rate each choice independently. An approval voting ballot does not require ranking or exclusivity. Rated, evaluative, [1] [2] graded, [1] or cardinal voting rules are a class of voting methods that allow voters to state how strongly they support a candidate, [3] by giving each one a grade on a separate scale.
Approval voting is a single-winner rated voting system where voters can approve of as many candidates as they like, rather than being restricted to selecting only one. Each voter can cast a vote for every candidate they approve of, and the candidate with the most approval votes wins the election.
Rated majority criterion, in which only an option which is uniquely given a perfect rating by a majority must win. The ranked and rated MC are synonymous for ranked voting methods, but not for rated or graded ones. The ranked MC, but not the rated MC, is incompatible with the independence of irrelevant alternatives criterion explained below.
Eighteen states allow ranked-choice voting in some capacity, according to Ballotpedia. Hawaii, Alaska and Maine use it in certain federal and statewide elections. Virginia’s state law allows for ...
Note that instant-runoff voting (indeed, all the ranked-choice methods), approval voting, STAR voting, Condorcet (and substantially all other advocated methods) have this same problem: ...
Alaska voters had approved ranked choice in 2020, but Republicans led an effort to repeal it, blaming it for the victory of Rep. Mary Peltola, a Democrat, to the state’s sole House seat in 2022.
Plurality voting is the most common voting system, and has been in widespread use since the earliest democracies.As plurality voting has exhibited weaknesses from its start, especially as soon as a third party joins the race, some individuals turned to transferable votes (facilitated by contingent ranked ballots) to reduce the incidence of wasted votes and unrepresentative election results.
In a 2017 paper, Sarah John and Andrew Douglas analyzed voter surveys from ranked choice voting districts, finding "evidence of RCV's positive effect on civility," concluding that voters observe ...