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The format string used in strftime traces back to at least PWB/UNIX 1.0, released in 1977. Its date system command includes various formatting options. [2] [3] In 1989, the ANSI C standard is released including strftime and other date and time functions. [4]
In Python, functions are first-class objects that can be created and passed around dynamically. Python's limited support for anonymous functions is the lambda construct. An example is the anonymous function which squares its input, called with the argument of 5:
As an example, an abstract base class MathSymbol may provide a pure virtual function doOperation(), and derived classes Plus and Minus implement doOperation() to provide concrete implementations. Implementing doOperation() would not make sense in the MathSymbol class, as MathSymbol is an abstract concept whose behaviour is defined solely for ...
Functional programming is the programming paradigm consisting of building programs by using only subroutines that behave like mathematical functions. For example, if_then_else is a function that takes three functions as arguments, and, depending on the result of the first function (true or false), returns the result of either the second or the ...
Big O notation is a mathematical notation that describes the limiting behavior of a function when the argument tends towards a particular value or infinity. Big O is a member of a family of notations invented by German mathematicians Paul Bachmann, [1] Edmund Landau, [2] and others, collectively called Bachmann–Landau notation or asymptotic notation.
In LP, the objective and constraint functions are all linear. Quadratic programming are the next-simplest. In QP, the constraints are all linear, but the objective may be a convex quadratic function. Second order cone programming are more general. Semidefinite programming are more general. Conic optimization are even more general - see figure ...
The quadratic function () = is a Lyapunov function that can be used to verify stability. Theorem (discrete time version). Given any Q > 0 {\displaystyle Q>0} , there exists a unique P > 0 {\displaystyle P>0} satisfying A T P A − P + Q = 0 {\displaystyle A^{T}PA-P+Q=0} if and only if the linear system x t + 1 = A x t {\displaystyle x_{t+1}=Ax ...
For example, suppose > is a real number. At the precalculus level, the function : can be given a precise definition only for rational values of (assuming the existence of qth roots of positive real numbers, an application of the Intermediate Value Theorem).