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[1] [2] [3] Participants did not know each other, and conversations were held on topics from a predetermined list. [4] Switchboard-2 Phase II was collected in 1999 and includes "4,472 five-minute telephone conversations involving 679 participants". [5] The corpus was used for development of speech recognition algorithms. [6] Text example: [7]
There is an impressive history of research suggesting that empathy, when activated, causes people to act in ways to benefit the other, such as receiving electric shocks for the other. [17] These findings have often been interpreted in terms of empathy causing increased altruistic motivation, which in turn causes helping behavior.
Philipsen addresses the criticisms of Speech Code Theory by saying that: 1. "Speech Codes Theory does not account for manifestations of power in discourse. This is a matter of omission in the theoretical assumptions, methodological framework, and examination of fieldwork materials. 2. Speech Codes Theory treats culture as overly deterministic.
The speech accommodation theory was developed to demonstrate all of the value of social psychological concepts to understanding the dynamics of speech. [10] It sought to explain "... the motivations underlying certain shifts in people's speech styles during social encounters and some of the social consequences arising from them."
An empathy map is a widely-used visualization tool within the field of user experience design and human–computer interaction practice. In relation to empathetic design, the primary purpose of an empathy map is to bridge the understanding of the end user. Within context of its application, this tool is used to build a shared understanding of ...
The fetal testosterone theory hypothesises that higher levels of testosterone in the amniotic fluid of mothers push brain development towards improved ability to see patterns and analyse complex systems while diminishing communication and empathy, emphasising "male" traits over "female", or in E–S theory terminology, emphasising "systemising ...
The 2 primary phases include Non-speech-like vocalizations and Speech-like vocalizations. Non-speech-like vocalizations include a. vegetative sounds such as burping and b. fixed vocal signals like crying or laughing. Speech-like vocalizations consist of a. quasi-vowels, b. primitive articulation, c. expansion stage and d. canonical babbling.
The vocabulary of a 1–2-year-old should consist of 50 words and can be up to 500. Gestures that were used earlier on in development begin to be replaced by words and eventually are only used when needed. Verbal communication is chosen over nonverbal as development progresses. [38] 2–3 years of age: