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Freeduino – an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple I/O board and a development environment that implements the open source Processing / Wiring language. Also clones of this platform including Freeduino. Tinkerforge – a platform comprising stackable microcontrollers for interfacing with sensors and other I/O devices
To make it easy (and fast) for the software to fix the problem and restart the program, the CPU must take a precise exception. A precise exception means that all instructions up to the excepting instruction have been executed, and the excepting instruction and everything afterwards have not been executed.
The focus on "reduced instructions" led to the resulting machine being called a "reduced instruction set computer" (RISC). The goal was to make instructions so simple that they could easily be pipelined, in order to achieve a single clock throughput at high frequencies. This contrasted with CISC designs whose "crucial arithmetic operations and ...
Separate from the stack definition of a MISC architecture, is the MISC architecture being defined by the number of instructions supported. Typically a minimal instruction set computer is viewed as having 32 or fewer instructions, [1] [2] [3] where NOP, RESET, and CPUID type instructions are usually not counted by consensus due to their fundamental nature.
In early 1960s computers, main memory was expensive and very limited, even on mainframes. Minimizing the size of a program to make sure it would fit in the limited memory was often central. Thus the size of the instructions needed to perform a particular task, the code density, was an important characteristic of any instruction set. It remained ...
A microcontroller instruction set usually has many instructions intended for bit manipulation (bit-wise operations) to make control programs more compact. [29] For example, a general-purpose processor might require several instructions to test a bit in a register and branch if the bit is set, where a microcontroller could have a single ...
The PIC instruction set is the set of instructions that Microchip Technology PIC or dsPIC microcontroller supports. The instructions are usually programmed into the Flash memory of the processor, and automatically executed by the microcontroller on startup. PICmicro chips have a Harvard architecture and instruction words have unusual sizes ...
Not all instructions are implemented in all Atmel AVR controllers. This is the case of the instructions performing multiplications, extended loads/jumps/calls, long jumps, and power control. The optional instructions may be grouped into three categories: core cpu (computation) features, added on more capable CPU cores