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Silesia [a] (see names below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately 40,000 km 2 (15,400 sq mi), and the population is estimated at 8,000,000. Silesia is split into two main subregions, Lower Silesia in the west and Upper Silesia in the
3 Gau Upper Silesia was created in 1941, before it was part of Gau Silesia 4 the annexed parts are also referred to as "East Upper Silesia" (German: Ostoberschlesien) 5 named after the chief city, Polish: Łódź. The German equivalent Lodz was rendered to Litzmannstadt in 1940, thus the Regierungsbezirk's name was changed accordingly.
The Province of Silesia (German: Provinz Schlesien; Polish: Prowincja Śląska; Silesian: Prowincyjŏ Ślōnskŏ) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1919. The Silesia region was part of the Prussian realm since 1742 and established as an official province in 1815, then became part of the German Empire in 1871.
On 29 January 1940, Reichsgau Posen was renamed "Reichsgau Wartheland" (Warthegau). [10] Reichsgau West Prussia was renamed "Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia". The remaining annexed areas were not made separate provinces but included in the existing provinces of East Prussia and Upper Silesia per § 4 of Hitler's decree. [10]
After the First World War a dispute arose about the future of Upper Silesia.This part of the Silesia region was the least affected by centuries of Germanisation.The population was predominantly Slavic, especially in rural areas, although over the years the percentage of the German population increased and in many cities Germans constituted the majority.
Map of the plebiscite area of Cieszyn Silesia with various demarcation lines Historical borders in the west of Cieszyn Silesia ... with effect of 1 January 1940. ...
The Province of Lower Silesia (German: Provinz Niederschlesien; Silesian German: Provinz Niederschläsing; Polish: Prowincja Dolny Śląsk; Silesian: Prowincyjŏ Dolny Ślōnsk) was a province of the Free State of Prussia from 1919 to 1945. Between 1938 and 1941 it was reunited with Upper Silesia as the Province of Silesia.
In Silesia as a whole, ethnic Poles comprised about 23% of the population, [72] most of whom lived around Kattowitz in the southeast of Upper Silesia. In whole Upper Silesia Poles comprised 61,1% of the population in 1829, but due to state policy of forced germanization their numbers decreased to 58,6% of population 1849. [73]