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As another approach to successful ESD, investigations of submucosal injection solutions have been actively done. It was reported that a hyaluronic acid solution makes a better long-lasting submucosal cushion without tissue damage than other available solutions,–. As a further improvement of hyaluronic acid solution, usefulness of a mixture of ...
Endoscopic mucosal resection and submucosal dissection are also highly effective methods for resection or large, non-malignant colorectal polyps and superficially (stage T1a) invasive colorectal cancers. The largest study of endoscopic mucosal resection by the Australian Consortium included 1000 cases and long term surveillance. [2]
The per-oral endoscopic myotomy, or POEM, is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of achalasia wherein the inner circular muscle layer of the lower esophageal sphincter is divided through a submucosal tunnel. [1] This enables food and liquids to pass into the stomach, a process that is impaired in achalasia.
The submucosa (or tela submucosa) is a thin layer of tissue in various organs of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts. It is the layer of dense irregular connective tissue that supports the mucosa (mucous membrane) and joins it to the muscular layer, the bulk of overlying smooth muscle (fibers running circularly within layer of longitudinal muscle).
Colonic polypectomy is the removal of colorectal polyps in order to prevent them from turning cancerous.. Method of removing a polyp with a snare. Gastrointestinal polyps can be removed endoscopically through colonoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy, or surgically if the polyp is too large to be removed endoscopically.
Prosector and physician in a dissection. From "Anathomia", M. da Luzzi, 1459. A prosector is a person with the special task of preparing a dissection for demonstration, usually in medical schools or hospitals. Many important anatomists began their careers as prosectors working for lecturers and demonstrators in anatomy and pathology.
The term free describes how the graft is completely removed from the donor site rather than remaining attached via a pedicle. The term autogenous , from the Greek root auto- ("self"), describes how the individual who receives the graft is the same individual who provides the donor tissue.
Dissection is along the avascular alveolar plane between the presacral and mesorectal fascia, described as holy plane (Heald's "holy plane"). [3] Dissection along this plane facilitates a straightforward dissection and preserves the sacral vessels and hypogastric nerves and is a sphincter-sparing resection and decreases permanent stoma rates. [4]