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Internals were believed by Rotter (1966) to exhibit two essential characteristics: high achievement motivation and low outer-directedness. This was the basis of the locus-of-control scale proposed by Rotter in 1966, although it was based on Rotter's belief that locus of control is a single construct.
Control beliefs: an individual's beliefs about the presence of factors that may facilitate or hinder performance of the behavior. [16] Perceived behavioral control: an individual's perceived ease or difficulty of performing the particular behavior. [1] The concept of perceived behavioral control is conceptually related to self-efficacy.
Internals believe they control their own environment whereas externals believe outside forces control their lives. [3] Those with an internal locus of control are more likely to be satisfied with their job and life because they believe in their own control over the situation.
Avoiding – Primary-Negative Control; Avoiding, according to Bryant, is defined as “the perceived ability to avoid negative outcomes”. It is dependent on (1) the degree of personal control over bad things, (2) the frequency with which bad things occur, and (3) the likelihood of bad things occurring. Coping – Secondary-Negative Control
Julian B. Rotter (October 22, 1916 – January 6, 2014) was an American psychologist known for developing social learning theory and research into locus of control.He was a faculty member at Ohio State University and then the University of Connecticut.
Freedom versus determinism – This is the question of whether humans have control over their own behavior and understand the motives behind it, or if their behavior is causally determined by forces beyond their control. Behavior is categorized as being either unconscious, environmental or biological by various theories.
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Confidence is a nonspecific term that refers to strength of belief but does not necessarily specify what the certainty is about. I can be supremely confident that I will fail at an endeavor. Perceived self-efficacy refers to belief in one's agentive capabilities, that one can produce given levels of attainment.