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The progress in β-blocker development led to the introduction of drugs with variety of properties. β-blockers were developed having a relative selectivity for cardiac β1-receptors (for example metoprolol and atenolol), partial adrenergic agonist activity , concomitant α-adrenergic blocking activity (for example labetalol and carvedilol) and ...
Metoprolol, sold under the brand name Lopressor among others, is a medication used to treat angina, high blood pressure and a number of conditions involving an abnormally fast heart rate. [4] It is also used to prevent further heart problems after myocardial infarction and to prevent headaches in those with migraines . [ 4 ]
ATC code C07 Beta blocking agents is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
Carvedilol is a nonselective beta blocker and alpha-1 blocker. [5] How it improves outcomes is not entirely clear but may involve dilation of blood vessels. [5] Carvedilol was patented in 1978 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1995. [5] [8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [9]
While negative inotropism may precipitate or exacerbate heart failure in the short term, certain beta blockers (e.g. carvedilol, bisoprolol and metoprolol) have been believed to reduce long-term morbidity and mortality in congestive heart failure. [13] Examples of negative inotropic agents include: Beta blockers [14]
This is a phenomenon in which patients with hypertension take an alpha blocker for the first time, and suddenly experience an intense decrease in blood pressure. Ultimately, this gives rise to orthostatic hypotension , dizziness , and a sudden loss of consciousness due to the drastic drop in blood pressure.
[2]: 461 The figure illustrating these findings was also published in the same year by Singh and Vaughan Williams. [ 18 ] Drugs acting like diphenylhydantoin (DPH): mechanism of action unknown, but others had attributed its cardiac action to an indirect action on the brain; [ 19 ] this drug is better known as antiepileptic drug phenytoin .
Outpatient surgery, also known as ambulatory surgery, day surgery, [1] day case surgery, or same-day surgery, is surgery that does not require an overnight hospital stay. [ note 1 ] The term “ outpatient ” arises from the fact that surgery patients may enter and leave the facility on the same day.