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  2. Andreev reflection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreev_reflection

    The spin-dependence of Andreev reflection gives rise to the Point contact Andreev reflection technique, whereby a narrow superconducting tip (often niobium, antimony or lead) is placed into contact with a normal material at temperatures below the critical temperature of the tip. By applying a voltage to the tip, and measuring differential ...

  3. Alexander Andreev - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Andreev

    Alexander Fyodorovich Andreev (Russian: Александр Фёдорович Андреев, 10 December 1939 – 14 March 2023) [1] was a Russian theoretical physicist best known for explaining the eponymous Andreev reflection. [2] Andreev was educated at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, starting in 1959 and graduating ahead of ...

  4. 3D rotation group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_rotation_group

    The universal cover of SO(3) is a Lie group called Spin(3). The group Spin(3) is isomorphic to the special unitary group SU(2); it is also diffeomorphic to the unit 3-sphere S 3 and can be understood as the group of versors (quaternions with absolute value 1).

  5. Triplet state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triplet_state

    In quantum mechanics, a triplet state, or spin triplet, is the quantum state of an object such as an electron, atom, or molecule, having a quantum spin S = 1. It has three allowed values of the spin's projection along a given axis m S = −1, 0, or +1, giving the name "triplet".

  6. Magnetic structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_structure

    The intensities of the Bragg reflections will therefore change. In fact in some cases entirely new Bragg-reflections will occur if the unit cell of the ordering is larger than that of the crystallographic structure. This is a form of superstructure formation. Thus the symmetry of the total structure may well differ from the crystallographic ...

  7. Step potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Step_potential

    In quantum mechanics and scattering theory, the one-dimensional step potential is an idealized system used to model incident, reflected and transmitted matter waves.The problem consists of solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation for a particle with a step-like potential in one dimension.

  8. Selection rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_rule

    The transitions are therefore forbidden. Likewise, d orbitals have g symmetry (meaning gerade, even), so the triple product g×u×g also has u symmetry and the transition is forbidden. [4] The wave function of a single electron is the product of a space-dependent wave function and a spin wave function. Spin is directional and can be said to ...

  9. Spinor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinor

    The spin representation Δ further decomposes into a pair of irreducible complex representations of the Spin group [26] (the half-spin representations, or Weyl spinors) via + =, =. When dim( V ) is odd, V = W ⊕ U ⊕ W ′ , where U is spanned by a unit vector u orthogonal to W .