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Rose oil (rose otto, attar of rose, attar of roses, or rose essence) is an essential oil that is extracted from the petals of various types of rose. Rose ottos are extracted through steam distillation , [ 1 ] while rose absolutes [ 2 ] are obtained through solvent extraction , the absolute being used more commonly in perfumery .
An image of a Damask rose. This aromatic species of rose is used for producing rose concrete to be made into a rose absolute. [3] Rose is one of the most popular natural flowers used in perfumery. A semi-solid residue of essential oils, waxes, resins and other oil-soluble plant chemicals remains. [2]
Rose oxide is an organic compound of the pyran class of monoterpenes. The compound has a cis - and a trans -isomer , each with a (+)- and (−)-stereoisomer, but only the (−)- cis isomer (odor threshold 0.5 ppb) is responsible for the typical rose (floral green) fragrance.
The word 'attar' is believed to have been derived from the Persian word itir, [3] which is in turn derived from the Arabic word 'itr (عطر), meaning 'perfume'. [4] [5]The earliest recorded mention of the techniques and methods used to produce essential oils is believed to be that of Ibn al-Baitar (1188–1248), an Al-Andalusian (Muslim Iberia) physician, pharmacist and chemist.
Fragrance bottles. An aroma compound, also known as an odorant, aroma, fragrance or flavoring, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor.For an individual chemical or class of chemical compounds to impart a smell or fragrance, it must be sufficiently volatile for transmission via the air to the olfactory system in the upper part of the nose.
The damascones belong to a family of chemicals known as rose ketones, which also includes damascenones and ionones. beta-Damascone is a contributor to the aroma of roses, despite its relatively low concentration, and is an important fragrance chemical used in perfumery. [2] The damascones are derived from the degradation of carotenoids. [3] [4]