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A Level IV trauma center exists in some states in which the resources do not exist for a Level III trauma center. It provides initial evaluation, stabilization, diagnostic capabilities, and transfer to a higher level of care. It may also provide surgery and critical-care services, as defined in the scope of services for trauma care.
The Injury Severity Score (ISS) is an established medical score to assess trauma severity. [1] [2] It correlates with mortality, morbidity and hospitalization time after trauma. It is used to define the term major trauma. A major trauma (or polytrauma) is defined as the Injury Severity Score being greater than 15. [2]
Psychological trauma (also known as mental trauma, psychiatric trauma, emotional damage, or psychotrauma) is an emotional response caused by severe distressing events, such as bodily injury, sexual violence, or other threats to the life of the subject or their loved ones; indirect exposure, such as from watching television news, may be extremely distressing and can produce an involuntary and ...
The Revised Trauma Score is made up of three categories: Glasgow Coma Scale, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate. The score range is 0–12. In START triage, a patient with an RTS score of 12 is labeled delayed, 11 is urgent, and 3–10 is immediate. Those who have an RTS below 3 are declared dead and should not receive certain care ...
The standards for Level 1 trauma centers are designated by the Department of State Health Services and verified by the American College of Surgeons. There are 22 in the state.
Trauma is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in five million or 10% of all deaths annually. [80] [81] It is the fifth leading cause of significant disability. [80] About half of trauma deaths are in people aged between 15 and 45 years and trauma is the leading cause of death in this age group. [81]
A hospital can receive trauma center status by meeting specific criteria established by the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and passing a site review. Trauma centers have levels ranging from level 1 to level 4, with each level varying in different responsibilities and resources provided:
This is done because the initial damage caused by trauma cannot be reversed. [92] Rehabilitation is the main treatment for the subacute and chronic stages of recovery. [92] International clinical guidelines have been proposed with the aim of guiding decisions in TBI treatment, as defined by an authoritative examination of current evidence. [10]