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Employee motivation is an intrinsic and internal drive to put forth the necessary effort and action towards work-related activities. It has been broadly defined as the "psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behavior in an organisation, a person's level of effort and a person's level of persistence". [1]
An alternative motivation theory to Maslow's hierarchy of needs is the motivator-hygiene (Herzberg's) theory. While Maslow's hierarchy implies the addition or removal of the same need stimuli will enhance or detract from the employee's satisfaction, Herzberg's findings indicate that factors garnering job satisfaction are separate from factors leading to poor job satisfaction and employee turnover.
A number of various theories attempt to describe employee motivation within the discipline of industrial and organizational psychology.At the macro level, work motivation can be categorized into two types, endogenous process (individual, cognitive) theories and exogenous cause (environmental) theories. [8]
Strategic employee recognition is seen as the most important program not only to improve employee retention and motivation but also to positively influence the financial situation. [39] The difference between the traditional approach (gifts and points) and strategic recognition is the ability to serve as a serious business influencer that can ...
Retention management focuses on measures that lead to retention of employees. It includes activities that systematically influence the binding, performance and degree of loyalty of staff. David J. Forrest (1999) defines 5 basic principles [2] of retention management that lead to employee performance and satisfaction, and therefore to their ...
In both studies, high-involvement management practices were positively associated with employee morale, employee retention, and firm financial performance. [13] Watson Wyatt found that high-commitment organizations (one with loyal and dedicated employees) out-performed those with low commitment by 47% in the 2000 study and by 200% in the 2002 ...
Motivational states are characterized by the goal they aim for, as well as the intensity and duration of the effort devoted to the goal. [3] Motivational states have different degrees of strength. If a state has a high degree then it is more likely to influence behavior than if it has a low degree. [4]
Motivation is an internal process that influences an employee's behavior and willingness to achieve organizational goals. [30] Creating a motivational environment within an organization can help employees achieve their highest level of productivity, [29] and can create an engaged workforce that enhances individual and organizational performance ...