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The study of sedimentary rocks and rock strata provides information about the subsurface that is useful for civil engineering, for example in the construction of roads, houses, tunnels, canals or other structures. Sedimentary rocks are also important sources of natural resources including coal, fossil fuels, drinking water and ores.
Energy: petroleum geology relies on the capacity of sedimentary rocks to generate deposits of petroleum oils. Coal and oil shale are found in sedimentary rocks. A large proportion of the world's uranium energy resources are hosted within sedimentary successions. Groundwater: sedimentary rocks contain a large proportion of the Earth's ...
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements , chiefly hydrogen , sulfur , oxygen , and nitrogen . [ 1 ]
Conglomerate (/ k ən ˈ ɡ l ɒ m ər ɪ t /) is a sedimentary rock made up of rounded gravel-sized pieces of rock surrounded by finer-grained sediments (such as sand, silt, or clay). The larger fragments within conglomerate are called clasts, while the finer sediment surrounding the clasts is called the matrix.
Claystone – Clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay-sized particles; Coal – Combustible sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon; Conglomerate – Sedimentary rock composed of smaller rock fragments; Coquina – Sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of fragments of shells; Diamictite – Type of sedimentary rock
Organic-rich sedimentary rocks may act as source rocks which generate hydrocarbons that accumulate in other sedimentary "reservoir" rocks [2] (see oil sands and petroleum geology). Potential source rocks are any type of sedimentary rock that the ability to dispel available carbon from within it (limestone is a classic example of a source rock ...
Lacustrine deposits have gained more attention recently due to containing valuable source rocks of oil, coal, and uranium. Lacustrine deposits generally provide productive mining conditions but can prove challenging when underground mines are attempted due to the poor shear strength of clays and silts as well as the amount of moisture often locked in the layers due to a low permeability ...
Placer gold deposits form via gravity, with the density of gold causing it to sink into trap sites within the river bed, or where water velocity drops, such as bends in rivers and behind boulders. Often placer deposits are found within sedimentary rocks and can be billions of years old, for instance the Witwatersrand deposits in South Africa ...