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Guru is the spiritual preceptor in Jainism, and typically a role served by Jain ascetics. [8] [9] The guru is one of three fundamental tattva (categories), the other two being dharma (teachings) and deva . [96] The guru-tattva is what leads a lay person to the other two tattva. [96]
George Ivanovich Gurdjieff (c. 1866–1877 – 29 October 1949) [1] was a Greek–Armenian philosopher, mystic, spiritual teacher, composer, and movements teacher. [2] Gurdjieff taught that people are not conscious of themselves and thus live their lives in a state of hypnotic "waking sleep", but that it is possible to awaken to a higher state ...
Dandamis (presumably Greek rendering of "Dandayan-Svami") [1] was a philosopher, swami and gymnosophist whom Alexander encountered in the woods near Taxila, when he invaded India in 4th century B.C. He is also referred to as Mandanes. [2] He was guru of Kalanos, the noted gymnosophist, who accompanied Alexander to Persis. [3]
The meaning of the word vāhigurū (usually spelled in English as Waheguru) is traditionally explained as vāh 'wondrous!' (Punjabi word analogous to "wow" in English), and guru, Sanskrit for 'teacher, spiritual guide, God', which taken together are said to carry the meaning, 'Wondrous Lord'. It is built upon an expression of awe and amazement ...
Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji (Punjabi: ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਜੀ): Granth is Punjabi for book; Sahib is Hindi meaning master, from Arabic, meaning companion, friend, owner, or master – is more than a holy book of the Sikhs.
Pythagoras of Samos [a] (Ancient Greek: Πυθαγόρας; c. 570 – c. 495 BC) [b] was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath, and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, through them, the West in general.
Brihaspati, guru of the devas; Shukra, guru of the asuras; Dakshinamurti, an aspect of Shiva as the guru of sages; Ashta Lakshmi, (Vidya Lakshmi)and the god of science and arts; Hayagriva, an aspect of Vishnu and the god of knowledge; Gayatri, a form of Saraswati and the goddess of hymns; Savitri, a form of Saraswati and goddess of wisdom [15] [16]
Hippocrates of Kos (/ h ɪ ˈ p ɒ k r ə t iː z /, Ancient Greek: Ἱπποκράτης ὁ Κῷος, romanized: Hippokrátēs ho Kôios; c. 460 – c. 370 BC), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician and philosopher of the classical period who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.