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The extent of vasoconstriction may be slight or severe depending on the substance or circumstance. Many vasoconstrictors also cause pupil dilation. Medications that cause vasoconstriction include: antihistamines, decongestants, and stimulants. Severe vasoconstriction may result in symptoms of intermittent claudication. [1]
Reversing the underlying causes of vasodilatory shock, stabilizing hemodynamic, preventing renal, myocardial, and other organs from injuries due to hypoperfusion and hypoxia, and taking necessary measures to safeguard against complications including venous thromboembolism are served as the top priorities during the treatment.
Alpha 1 blockers inhibit vasoconstriction normally initiated by the baroreceptor reflex upon postural change and the subsequent drop in pressure. [26] Other antihypertensive medications may also cause orthostatic hypotension, in addition to anticholinergics, dopaminergic drugs, opiates and psychoactive medications. [27]
In one study on 515 women ages 29 to 97 who had heart attacks, shortness of breath occurred in more than 40%. There is never any harm in seeing a doctor for your peace of mind. 5.
Over the last 40 years, a variety of drugs have been developed from non-selective alpha-1 receptor antagonists to selective alpha-1 antagonists and alpha-1 receptor inverse agonists. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The first drug that was used was a non-selective alpha blocker, named phenoxybenzamine and was used to treat BPH. [ 2 ]
Endogenous substances and drugs that cause vasodilation are termed vasodilators. Many of these substances are neurotransmitters released by perivascular nerves of the autonomic nervous system [6] Baroreceptors sense blood pressure and allow adaptation via the mechanisms of vasoconstriction or vasodilation to maintain homeostasis. [2]
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure. [1] [2] This class of medicine works by causing relaxation of blood vessels as well as a decrease in blood volume, which leads to lower blood pressure and decreased oxygen demand from the heart.
Alpha 1 blockers cause vasodilation by relaxing smooth muscles that control blood vessel diameter, leading to lower blood pressure. [1] FDA-approved uses of these drugs include treating conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypertension, pheochromocytoma, extravasation management, and reversal of local anesthesia.