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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is a multi-faceted, chronic condition that significantly impacts public health.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 2 to 15% of those infected with HIV are also affected by HCV, increasing their risk of morbidity and mortality due to accelerated liver disease.
Worldwide the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in pregnant women and children has been estimated to be 1–8% and 0.05–5% respectively. [155] The vertical transmission rate has been estimated to be 3–5% and there is a high rate of spontaneous clearance (25–50%) in the children.
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) [3] is a small (55–65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. The hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as liver cancer ( hepatocellular carcinoma , abbreviated HCC) and lymphomas in humans.
[166] [167] In a recent study by the WHO, the likelihood of being infected with hepatitis C virus was six times greater in those who also had HIV. [167] The prevalence of HIV-HCV co-infection worldwide was estimated to be 6.2% representing more than 2.2 million people. [167] Intravenous drug use was an independent risk factor for HCV infection ...
The plaintiffs alleged that the companies manufactured and sold blood factor products as beneficial "medicines" that were, in fact, contaminated with HIV and/or HCV and resulted in the mass infection and/or deaths of thousands of hemophiliacs worldwide.
Hemophilia, although statistically associated with higher risk of HCC, [18] this is due to coincident chronic viral hepatitis infection related to repeated blood transfusions over lifetime. [1] The significance of these risk factors varies globally.
This higher risk for contracting hepatitis-C has also been noted by the American National Institutes of Health (NIH). [20] [21] Without treatment, hepatitis-C can lead to chronic liver disease. The British Department of Health estimates that there are over 200,000 people infected with hepatitis C in Britain, but the number might be much higher ...
Chronic hepatitis C infection when left untreated not only results in cirrhosis of the liver but can trigger other diseases not directly associated with the liver (cancers, hypertension, Heart arrhythmia) and auto-immune conditions (rheumatoid arthritis), which may not be easily attributed to the HCV infection. [citation needed]
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