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Ethinylestradiol (EE) is an estrogen medication which is used widely in birth control pills in combination with progestins. [7] [8] In the past, EE was widely used for various indications such as the treatment of menopausal symptoms, gynecological disorders, and certain hormone-sensitive cancers.
EE is a synthetic estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptors, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. [ 17 ] [ 4 ] It also has functional antiandrogenic effects by decreasing the circulating free fractions of androgens . [ 18 ]
Combination of; Ethinylestradiol: Estrogen: Drospirenone: Progestogen; Progestin; Antimineralocorticoid; Antiandrogen: Clinical data; Trade names: With 30 μg ...
Nuvaring was first approved in The Netherlands in February 2001, then by the European Union in June 2001, and in the United States by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October 2001. [40] [41] Nuvaring was first marketed in the United States in July 2002, [42] followed by a number European countries since then. [43]
Ethinylestradiol sulfonate is the generic name of the drug, but it is also commonly known by its brand names Deposiston and Turisteron. [1] [20] [8] It does not appear to have an INN Tooltip International Nonproprietary Name or other such designations. [20] [8] EES has also been known by its former developmental code name J96. [3]
Estradiol (E2) is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. [11] [12] [13] It is an estrogen and is used mainly in menopausal hormone therapy and to treat low sex hormone levels in women.
[108] [109] [110] The dosage of oral estrogen appears to be important for VTE risk, as 1 mg/day oral estradiol increased VTE incidence by 2.2-fold while 2 mg/day oral estradiol increased VTE incidence by 4.5-fold (both in combination with norethisterone acetate). [101]
Ethinylestradiol/gestodene (EE/GSD), sold under the brand names Femodene and Minulet among others, is a combination of ethinylestradiol (EE), an estrogen, and gestodene (GSD), a progestin, which is used as a birth control pill to prevent pregnancy in women.