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Spinal precautions, also known as spinal immobilization and spinal motion restriction, are efforts to prevent movement of the bones of the spine in those with a risk of a spine injury. [1] This is done as an effort to prevent injury to the spinal cord [ 1 ] in unstable spinal fractures . [ 2 ]
Lumbar puncture (LP), also known as a spinal tap, is a medical procedure in which a needle is inserted into the spinal canal, most commonly to collect cerebrospinal ...
If the level of consciousness is decreased, drainage of the excess fluid is performed by therapeutic lumbar puncture, extraventricular drain (a temporary device inserted into one of the ventricles), or occasionally a permanent shunt. [4] [30] Relief of hydrocephalus can lead to an enormous improvement in a person's condition. [11]
An epidural blood patch (EBP) is a surgical procedure that uses autologous blood, meaning the patient's own blood, in order to close one or many holes in the dura mater of the spinal cord, which occurred as a complication of a lumbar puncture or epidural placement. [1] [2] The punctured dura causes cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF leak). [1]
A lumbar puncture that drains CSF may also be used as part of treatment for some conditions, including idiopathic intracranial hypertension and normal pressure hydrocephalus. [1] Lumbar puncture can also be performed to measure the intracranial pressure, which might be increased in certain types of hydrocephalus.
A lumbar puncture can give the symptom of a post-dural-puncture headache. A cerebrospinal fluid leak can be either cranial or spinal, and these are two different disorders. [ 5 ] A spinal CSF leak can be caused by one or more meningeal diverticula or CSF-venous fistulas not associated with an epidural leak .
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a medical condition in which the spinal canal narrows and compresses the nerves and blood vessels at the level of the lumbar vertebrae. Spinal stenosis may also affect the cervical or thoracic region, in which case it is known as cervical spinal stenosis or thoracic spinal stenosis.
The drainage provided by a shunt can alleviate or prevent these problems in patients with hydrocephalus or related diseases. Shunts come in a variety of forms, but most of them consist of a valve housing connected to a catheter, the lower end of which is usually placed in the peritoneal cavity. The main differences between shunts are usually in ...