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The history of Sweden can be traced back to the melting of the Northern Polar Ice Caps.From as early as 12000 BC, humans have inhabited this area. Throughout the Stone Age, between 8000 BC and 6000 BC, early inhabitants used stone-crafting methods to make tools and weapons for hunting, gathering and fishing as means of survival. [1]
Sweden, [f] formally the Kingdom of Sweden, [g] [h] is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), [ 4 ] Sweden is the largest Nordic country and the fifth-largest country in Europe.
The Kalmar Union between the Scandinavian countries was established in 1397 and lasted until King Gustav Vasa ended it upon seizing power during the Swedish War of Liberation, which concluded in 1523. The period from 1350 to 1523 is considered the Younger Middle Ages. [a] During these centuries, Sweden gradually consolidated as a single nation. [1]
Flag of Sweden See also: List of Swedish flags: The flag of Sweden was officially adopted on 22 June 1906. The off-centre yellow cross (the Nordic Cross) is taken from the Danish flag. The yellow and blue colours are taken from the national coat of arms. It was adopted in 1569, but a union mark was added in the canton from 1844 to 1905. 1889–
The King of Sweden above the royal flag on naval ships: Split pennant with the greater national coat of arms 1905–present: Used by other members of the Royal House: Royal flag with the lesser national coat of arms (surrounded by the insignias of the Order of the Seraphim) 1905–present: Used by the heir apparent above the royal flag on naval ...
Sweden joined the European Union in 1995 and signed the Lisbon Treaty in 2007. Sweden, like countries around the globe, entered a period of economic decline and upheaval, following the oil embargoes of 1973–74 and 1978–79. [91] In the 1980s pillars of Swedish industry were massively restructured.
In order to prevent the Habsburgs from winning the war, France, who had already given subsidies to Sweden following the Treaty of Bärwalde (1631), intervened on the Protestant side. The war dragged on for many years until a peace agreement was at last reached in 1648 .
It has been suggested that the Swedish origin legend is chosen to counter a parallel origin story for the Danish flag, also recorded in the 16th century. According to this theory, [ citation needed ] the Swedish flag was created during the reign of King Charles VIII , who also introduced the coat of arms of Sweden in 1442.