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Myeloma cast nephropathy, also referred to as light-chain cast nephropathy, is the formation of plugs (urinary casts) in the kidney tubules from free immunoglobulin light chains leading to kidney failure in the context of multiple myeloma. It is the most common cause of kidney injury in myeloma.
Myeloma cells produce monoclonal proteins of varying types, most commonly immunoglobulins (antibodies) and free light chains, resulting in abnormally high levels of these proteins in the blood. Depending on the size of these proteins, they may be excreted through the kidneys. Kidneys can be damaged by the effects of proteins or light chains.
When the kidneys are damaged, potassium levels can become elevated. Elevated potassium levels can cause the heart to beat irregularly or even stop. Phosphorus: The kidneys also help to regulate phosphorus levels in the body. When the kidneys are damaged, they aren't able to remove excessive phosphorus, causing it to build up in blood.
This article was reviewed by Craig Primack, MD, FACP, FAAP, FOMA. Whey, hemp, soy, casein — looking at different types of protein powder can get a little overwhelming. OK, a lot overwhelming ...
“A diet rich in whole, nutrient-dense foods will help support cognitive health and can ultimately protect against decline,” says Amy Kimberlain, MS, RDN, CDCES, Spokesperson for the Academy of ...
In addition, myeloma light chains are also directly toxic on proximal kidney tubules, further adding to kidney dysfunction. Vasculitis: inflammation of the blood vessels at a glomerular level impedes the normal blood flow and damages the kidney. Cancer: as happens in myeloma, the invasion of the glomeruli by cancerous cells disturbs their ...
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